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iMDiyA pragati pathAnE naDustunnadA?
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We are happy to reproduce the following article that originally appeared in Andhra Jyothi daily newspaper on Dec 18, 2003. As the ideas expressed by the legendary British journalist Mr. Mark Tully, former Chief, BBC, South Asia Service, are thought provoking we desired to republish it for opening a debate. We greatly acknowledge the permission accorded by the author Mr. Jagan, and Andhra Jyothi. bi.bi.si. anagAnE mana dESaMlO aMdarikI gurtochchE pEru mArk TallI. bi.bi.si. Telivijan ChAnal& vachchina taruvAta kUDA chAlA maMdi madilO medilE bomma bi.bi.si. rEDiyO vilEkhari mArk TallI. mArk I madhya tama pustakaM 'iMDiyA in& slO mOshan& ' nu lAMChanaMgA mana rAShTraMlO AviShkariMchAru. A saMdarbhaMgA Ayana haidarAbAd& , viSAkhapaTnaM , vijayawADalalO anEka sabhalalO pAlgonnAru.

bahuSA manalO evvarU tiraganaMtagA Ayana bhAratadESaM nalumUlalA tirigAru. E jarnaliShTukU sAdhyaM kAnanni mArumUla prAMtAlaku kUDA Ayana veLLivachchAru. dESaMlO jarigina ati mukhyamaina anni ghaTTAlakU mArk TallI sajIva sAkshyaM. bi.bi.si. vinaDaM okappuDu oka rakamaina sAmAjika hOdA kUDA! A rOjullO mArk bhAratadESa yAtra prAraMbhamainadi. dESaMlO saMbhavistunna rAjakIya, sAmAjika pariNAmAlaku Ayana pratyakSha sAkShi. mArk bhArata yAtra dAdApu nAlugu daSAbdAlugA sAgutOMdi. Ayana anubhavAlu oka rakaMgA rI-DiskavarI Af iMDiyA anavachchu. bi.bi.si. aMTE mArk TallI. mArk TallI aMTE bi.bi.si.! puTTukatO briTiSh ayinA mArk manasaMtA mana bhAratIyula kaMTE ekkuva bhAratIyata niMDi uMdaMTE vismayaM kalugutuMdi. kAni idi nijaM. iMDiyAlO marE jarnaliShTukU lEni fAlOyiMg & Ayanaku uMdaMTE atiSayOkti anipiMchinA adI nijamE! mArk TallI, saha rachayita giliyan& raiT& tO I madhya amarAvati veLLinappuDu O tamAShA saMghaTana jarigiMdi. vAru Alaya prAMgaNaM nuMchi kiMdaku vastuMTE oka peddAyana aTu pOtU pOtU unnaTTuMDi oka chinnappaTi prANasnEhituNNi chUsinaMta pAravaSyaMtO 'Ey TallI' ani peddagA arichADu. A peddamaniShi tamiLanADu nuMchi vachchAru. ekkaDO AMdhrapradES lO, amarAvatilO tananu oka peddAyana gurtupaTTaDaMtO TallI kUDA vismayaM cheMdADu! iMDiyA pragati pathAnE naDustunnadA? mana dESaMlO mEthAvi vargAnikI, madhyataragatikI ekkuvagA vachchE saMdEhaM idi. I saMdEhAniki samAdhAnaM an&vEShiMchaDamE vRuttigAnU, pravRuttigAnU peTTukuni dAdApu nAlugu daSAbdAlugA dESamaMtA vistRutaMgA paryaTistunna bi.bi.si. mAjI vilEkhari mArk TallI tana sudIrgha prayANaMlO ennO viShayAlanu rikArD chEsAru. 1985 lO 'nO ful sTAp&s in& iMDiyA' anE graMtha rachanatO prAraMbhamaina Ayana nUtana an&vEShaNa I madhyE rAsina 'iMDiyA in& slO mOShan& ' anE graMtha rachanatO marO mailurAyini chErukunnadi. I reMDu rachanala madhya dAdApu reMDu daSAb&dAla dUraM unnA oka rakaMgA I reMDU okE niraMtara prayANAniki pratIkalu. I ful sTAp lEni prayANaM lO mArk TallIdi mAtraM slO mOShan& kAdu, fAsT mOShanE! bhArata dESaM svAtaMtryaM saadhiMchina innELLaki kUDA abhivRuddhi ekkaDa vEsina goMgaLi akkaDE annaTTuMdani chAlAkAlaMgA manaM vimarSalu viMTunnAM. I vimarSalOni nijAnijAlanu tETatellaM chEyaDAniki evvarU pratyEkamaina sarvElu EmI chEyaru. vArivAri avagAhanala prakAraM I vimarSalu chEstuMTAru. dESaM mottaM mIda E prAMtaMlOni abhivRuddhi E sthAyilO uMdanna viShayAnni kanipeTTaDAniki mana daggara pratyEkamaina pramANAlEvI lEvu. aMdu valla abhivRuddhi anEdi eMtO koMta uMdi gaani adi saripOdani mAtraM aamdaraM sardubATu vyAkhyAnAlatO saripeTTukuMTAM. mArk TallI kUDA I mATE aMTunnADu. ayitE A mATa UrakE nOTi mATagA anaDaM lEdu. dESamaMtA tirigi, eMtO maMdi mAnyulatOnE kAdu, sAmAnyulatO saitaM lOtugA mATlADi aa mATalu chebutunnADu. mana dESaM guriMchi manaM chEsukunE nirdhAraNalaku mana daggara lEni pramANAlanu TallI chUpistunnADu. aMdukE Ayana rAsina pustakAlalO I reMDu chAlA mukhyamainavi I pustakAlu rAyaDaMlO Ayana anubhavAlu, pariSIlanalU mariMta mukhyamainavi. mArk TallI mATallOnE Ayana EmaMTunnArO chUddAM.

bhAratadESaM nijAniki oka dESaM kAdu. idi reMDu dESAlu. okaTi paipaimerugulatO dhagadhagAyamAnaMgA merisipOtunna paTTaNa bhArataM, marokaTi kanIsaMreMDu pUTalA bhOjanaM kUDA dorakani grAmINa bhArataM. nEnu vidESAlaku veLLinappuDu chAlAmaMdi, marI mukhyaMgA vANijyavEttalu bhAratadESaM sAdhistunna pragati guriMchi mATlADutuMTAru. bhAratadESaM pragati pathAna naDustunnadani vAru gurtiMchaDaM nAku kUDA saMtOShamE kaligistuMdi. kAni A pragati ekkaDekkaDa jarugutunnadO sphuraNaku vachchinappuDu okkasArigA manasudEvEstuMdi. mana palle praja eMtaTi dInAvasthalO jIvistunnArO talachukuMTEnE bAdha kalugutuMdi. amdukE nA pustakaMlO rASAnu bhAratadESaM abhivRuddhi pathAna nemmadi nemmadigA mAtramE payanistOMdani. idi parugu bhArataM kAdu nemmadi gA mAtramE kadulutOMdi. I nemmadiki nEtA - bAbUrAj kAraNaM. aMTE dESa bhavitavyaMpaTla dUradRuShTi lEni rAjakIyanAyakulu, prajA SrEyassu paTla mamakAraM lEni adhikAragaNaM iMduku pradhAna kAraNaMani cheppaDaM nA uddESyaM. aTu rAjakIyanAyakulU, iTu adhikArulU gurtiMchavalasina viShayaM EmaMTE vIri pai prajalaku viSvAsaM lEdu, gowravamU lEdu. vIrini prajalu asalu nammaDaM lEdu. adhikArulu aMTE Dabbu tinEsE vAru anI, rAjakIyanAyakuDu aMTE dESAnni dOchEsEvADu annadE sarvatrA prajalalO pAdukunna abhiprAyaM. iMDiyAku okappuDu prapaMcha dESAla madhya maMchi pEru uMDEdi kAdu. ippuDu A paristhiti mAripOyiMdi. ikkaDa maMchi vanarulu unnAyi. oLLu vaMchi panichEsE maMchi naipuNyaM gala yuvataraM uMdi. iMDiyA aMTE ippuDu Dabbu, pariSramalu ani chAlA maMdi bhAvistunnAru. vAru alA anukOvaDAniki kAraNaM ikkaDa SramaSakti chAlA chavakagA dorakaDamE. aMduvalla dIninE manaM abhivRuddhi ani anukOkUDadu. nijamaina abhivRuddhi sAdhiMchaDAniki kUDA dESaMlO ennO sahaja vanarulu unnAyi. alAgE aparimitamaina mAnava vanarulU unnAyi. madhyataragatilOni telivaina vArivalla mAtramE dESaM bAgupaDutuMdanukuMTE adi kEvalaM bhramE. dESamlO kOTlAdi aNagAripOyina prajAnIkaM unnAru. vAriki chEyUtanichchE diSagA bhAratadESa abhivRuddhi jaragAli. amerikA peTTubaDidArI vyavastha, mottaMgA pASchAtya peTTubaDidArI vyavastha anEkarakAla utpattulanu bhAratIyulaku vikrayistunnAyi. vITi utpattivyayaM, vATi dharalanU okkasAri chUstE okadAnikokaTi saMbaMdhamE lEdani telustuMdi. A vastuvulu nijaMgA bhAratadESAniki avasaramE ayitE vATini bhAratIyulE utpatti chEsukuni ikkaDE vikrayiMchukunE daSaku chErukOvAli. alA eMduku jaragaDaM lEdu? bhAratadESamlO abhivRuddhi vidhAnAla rUpakalpanaki lOTu lEdu. kAni vATini amalu chEyaDaMlOnE asalu samasya. saMkShEma padhakAlu asalu prajalaku chEranE chEravu. tamaku chErani saMkShEmapadhakAla guriMchi patrikalu brahmaradhaM paTTinappuDu A prajalu EmanukuMTArO okkasAri AlOchistE kalukkumaMTuMdi. iMDiyAlO avasarAniki miMchi Imadhya vinipistunna mATa praivETaijEShan . ippuDu I mATa railvEla viShayaM lO kUDA vinavastOMdi. nijaMgA adE jarigitE aMtaku miMchina vaiparItyaM marokaTi uMDadu. praivETaijEShan E raMgAlalO, E paristhitulalO avasaraM anna viShayamai vichakShaNa avasaraM. railvElanu oka maMtritvaSAkha kriMda naDapaDaM kUDA sarainadi kAdu. railvElaku svataMtra pratipatti kalpiMchAli gAni praivETaijEShan aMTU chEtulu dulupukOkUDadu. bhAratadESaMlO railvE vyavastha eMtO samardhavaMtaMgA naDustOMdi. bAgA naDustunna paTTAlanu peLLagiMchakUDadu. bhAratadESaM svAtaMtryaM saMpAdiMchina tarvAta kUDA inni samasyalatO satamatamavutunnadaMTE ikkaDi prajA svAmya vyavastha vifalamaiMdi ani arthaM kAdu. prajAsvAmyAnni parirakShiMchukOvAlanna tama AkAMkSha eMta balamainadO bhArata prajalu emarjen&sI saMdarbhaMlO prapaMchAniki chATicheppAru. aMduvalla bhArata prajAsvAmya vyavasthaku E vaipu nuMchI muppulEdu. ayitE ikkaDa spaShTaMgA, aramarikalu lEkuMDA cheppukOvalasina viShayaM okaTuMdi. adEmaMTE prajAsvAmika vyavastha uMDi kUDA I dESaM eMta sAdhiMchAlO aMta sAdhiMchalEdu. adokkaTE bAdha. prajAsvAmyaM mariMtagA dESa prajalaku upayOga paDAli. eTu chErI bhAratadESa samasyallA okkaTE. E briTiSh dAsya SRuMkhalAlanu iMDiyA bhowtikaMgA teMchukunnadO A SRuMkhalAlanuMchi iMkA mAnasikaMgA vimukti cheMdakapOvaDamE. briTiSh prabhutvaM dAruNamaina pOlIsu chaTTAlatO airlAMDunu pAliMchiMdi. avE chaTTAlatO iMDiyAnu kUDA pAliMchiMdi. A tarvAta EM jarigiMdO charitra chebutUnE uMdi. ayinA iMDiyA iMkA adE briTiSh pOlIsu chaTTAlanu eMduku vadilipeTTaDaMlEdO nAku AScharyaMgA uMTuMdi. pOlIsu arAchakAla guriMchi patrikalalOnU, Ti.vi.lalOnU pratirOju EdO oka vArta vastUnE uMTuMdi. bhArata pOlIsu adhikArulu aTuvaMTi saMghaTanalu vAri dRuShTiki vachchinappuDu kiMdi sthAyi adhikArulanu maMdaliMchAli, saraina kramaSikShaNa charyalu tIsukOvAli. svAtaMtryAnaMtaraM pOlIsu vyavastha tala kriMdulugA naDustuMdanaDAniki udAharaNagA iTuvaMTi saMghaTanalu briTiSh hayAMlO jarigEvi. A tarvAta kUDA adE paddati konasAgaDaM dESAniki maMchidi kAdu. dESaM mottaM mIda nEnu chUsinaMta mEraku hiMdU-musliMlu eMtO sakhyaMgA, ApyAyaMgA melugutunnAru. aMtE kAdu, ennOchOTla hiMdU dEvAlayAlaku veLLE musliMlanU, masIdulaku veLLE hiMduvulanU chUSAnu. sAdhAraNa prajAnIkAniki mata vidvEShAlu lEvu, paipechchu chAlA hechchusthAyilO mata sahanaM uMdi. svArdha prayOjanAla kOsaM koddi maMdi mata vidvEShAlanu rechchagoDutunnAru tappa I saMgharShaNa prajalanuMchi vastunnadi kAdu. bhAratadESAniki mata ChAMdasulanuMchi eMtaTi pramAdaM poMchi unnadO, mata viSvAsAlanu apahAsyaM chEsE atilowkika vAdula nuMchi kUDA aMtE pramAdaM poMchi unnadi I ati lowkikavAdaM kUDA oka mataMgA tayArukAvaDaM bhAratadESaM vaMTi bhinnatvaMlO EkatvAnni sAdhiMchinadESamlO abhilaShaNIyaM kAdu. gharShaNalu anni dESAlalOnU EdO oka sthAyilO chUstUnE unnAM. sepTeMbar 11 vaMTi saMghaTana amerikAlO jarigiMdi. adi akasmAttugA jarigiMdi kAdu kadA. dAniki oka sAmAjika nEpathyaM uMdi. A saMghaTanalaku bAdhyulani oka ArOpaNa vEsEsi vAriki saMbaMdhiMchina samasyalanu paTTiMchikOkuMDA, kEvalaM vArini mRugAlanu vETADinaTTu vETADaTaM EM nAgarikata? alAgE nEnu ekkaDiki veLLinA chAlA maMdi aDugutuMTAru -bhArata, pAkistAn sarihaddula vadda jarugutunna ghaTanalaku pariShkAraM EmiTani. pAkistAn EdO pichchipani chEstuMTuMdi. aMduku samAdhAnaMgA bhAratadESaMkUDA marO pichchi pani EdO chEstuMTuMdi. reMDu dESAla prajalU I rakamaina paristhiti konasAgAlani AkAMkShiMchaDaM lEdu. aMdukE ubhaya dESAla prajalU mA bratukulu mammalni praSAMtaMgA bratakanivvaMDani reMDu prabhutvAla mIdA ottiDi tIsukurAvAli. sarihaddu samasyalu lEni dESAlE bhaviShyattulO purObhivRuddhi sAdhiMchagalugutAyi. ayitE abhivRuddhi mATaku vastE I mATanu chAlA jAgrattagA vADAlanipistuMdi. I madhyakAlaMlO bhArata dESaMlO kan&syUmarijaM chAlA chAlA pragati sAdhiMchiMdi. idi mobail yugaMgA mAripOyiMdi. avasaraM unnA lEkapOyinA ippuDu aMdari chEtilOnU mobail fOn kanipistuMdi. idi kan&syUmarijaM bhArata dESaMlO tIsuku vachchina oka nATakIyamaina mArpu. kan&syumarijaM prabhAvaM valla viniyOgadArulu mariMtagA, mariMtagA viniyOga vastuvulu kAvAlani kOrukunETaTTu chEstuMdi. kAni mariMtagA, mariMtagA konugOlu Saktini peMchadu. dIni duShfalitaM EmiTO tvaralOnE telustumdi. aMdukE anavalasi vastunnadi-bhAratadESaM pragati pathAna naDustOMdi. anumAnaM lEdu. kAni A pragati nemmadigA, nemmadi nemmadigA naDustOMdi.

glObalaijEShan& , kan&syUmarijaM valla bhAratadESAniki chAlA naShTaM jarigiMdi. grAmINa bhArataMlO prajalu I naShTAnni ippuDippuDE gurtistunnAru.
bhAratadESAniki ekkuvagA naShTaM kaligistunnadi ikkaDi byUrOkrasi, pOlIsu vyavasthalu. I reMDu bhAratadESa saMskRutilO aMtarbhAgAlu kAvu. ivi briTiSh pAlana nuMchi vachchinavi. ippaTikainA bhAratadESa pAlakulu I bhAvadAsyaM nuMchi bayaTapaDi I reMDu vyavasthalanU saMskariMchukOvAli.
svAtaMtryAniki muMdu bhAratadESaMlO rAjanItijNjulu uMDEvAru. vAru sEvAbhAvamtO uMDEvAru. ippuDu rAjakIyanAyakulu anE kotta jAti avatariMchiMdi. I jAtiki soMta sEvAbhAvaM tappa marokaTi avasaraM lEdu. aMdukE prajalalO gowravaM kOlpOtunnAru.
ChAMdasa matavAdaM lAgAnE bhAratadESaMlO ChAMdasa sekyular matavAdaM okaTi kottagA prabalutOMdi. I reMDU bhAratadESAniki bhaviShyattulO tIrani apakAraM chEsEvE. eduTivAri mata viSvAsAlanu gowraviMchakuMDA guDDigA pOvaDaMvalla dESAniki ariShTaM dApuristuMdi. dESaMlOni vivEchanA parulu I apAyAnni nivAriMchukOvalasina taruNaM AsannamaiMdi.
bhAratadESaMlO in&farmEShan TeknAlajI viplavaM prabhutvaMtO nimittaM lEkuMDA vachchEsiMdi. I mArpu okaTi vastOMdani prabhutvAlu gurtiMchElOgAnE idi vachchEsiMdi. bhAratadESa yuvatalO nipuNataku koratalEdanna viShayAnni I viplavaM prapaMchAniki chATi cheppiMdi.
dESaMlO amerikan viluvala paTla vyAmOhaM perigipOtOMdi. idi chAlA pramAdakaraM. bhAratadESaM aslI bhArat gA uMDAlO, nakilI amerikAgA bhAsillAlO nirNayiMchukOvalasina saMdhi samayaM vachchiMdi.

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