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Articles: Devotion | In quest of infinity - 9
- Prof. venkata ramanamurty mallajosyula
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As a prelude, let us revisit a figure I had presented earlier in QFI - 06. It is reproduced below with some additions.
The time line for the splitting of the original Cosmic force into four distinct forces, along side the energy diagrams associated with symmetry breaking. What this illustrates is how the splitting of the forces is related to symmetry-breaking.
We see that first there was only one force, and then at some time, one force became two. We say one became two as a result of symmetry breaking. The symmetry involved is very subtle, but the basic concept is the same as earlier. In the examples discussed earlier, water to ice and non-magnetic iron to magnetic form of iron, order appeared and symmetry got broken when temperature was lowered. Anything like that operating in this case? Sure. Remember, the temperature of the Baby Universe at birth was astronomically high. As time passes, the temperature falls, symmetry gets broken not just once but many times: thus it is that first one force becomes two, then two becomes three, and finally three becomes four. By the way, many solids show similarly a multiplicity of ordered states, as temperature is varied.
So the important lesson we learn is that the appearance of the four basic forces in a particular sequence has a lot of implications for basic physics, and also of course for the history of the Baby Universe. It is because of this that I have spent a lot of time explaining the basics. By the way, all this is needed to understand some crucial aspects related to inflation; that was also part of the motivation for going into these details. I hope you have not failed to notice in passing how beautifully the Lord has “constructed” the Universe! And you have not heard everything yet!
On now to the third question:
QUESTION 3: Were the relative strengths of these four forces the same in the Baby Universe also? One can rephrase this question differently; do these four forces maintain their relative strengths, at small distances also, or in other words, do we have to consider different values for the strength of these four forces, when we consider physics at very small distances?
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