E viplavAn&ikein&A sAdhan&Alu prajalE. A prajalan&u m&ElkolapaDAn&iki kon&n&iMTin&i saMkEtAlugA vADukuMTAru. aMtam&AtrAn&a avi vAri viplavatatvAn&iki SASvata sAdhan&Alu kAvu. SASvata sAdhan&Alu eppuDU prajalE. viplava sam&ayaMlO prajala pari`sthitulu, dESa, kAla pari`sthitulu dRuShTilO peTTukun&i viplava chihn&Alan&u prajalaku aMdistAru. A chihn&aM vArin&i jAgRutaM chEyaDam&E kAdu, laKshyasAdhan&aveipu eTuvaMTi tyAgAlakein&A ven&udIyan&i dRuDhatvAn&n&i kUDA kalpistuMdi. dESam&u, prajalu, paristhitulu m&Arin&apuDu adE chihn&aM pan&ichEyakapOvachchu. kAn&i AyA viplavan&Ayakulu rUpoMdiMchin&a viplavatatvaM an&usaraNIyaM kAgalugutuMdi. I viShayAn&n&i m&ahAtm&AgAMdhI viShayaMlO m&ArTin&#` lUthar#`kiMg#` n&irUpiMchADu. 1950va daSakaMlO am&erikAlO n&allajAti vAri sam&An&a hakkula kOsaM m&ArTin&#`lUthar#`kiMg#` n&AyakatvaMlO sAgin&a pOrATaM m&ahAtm&AgAMdhI yokka ahiMsAyuta viplava paddhatulan&u an&usariMchiMdi. ayitE bhAratadESaMlO Ayan&a pOrATAn&iki chihn&AlugA upayOgapaDDa prArthan&a, rATn&aM am&erikA n&IgrOlu kUDA an&usariMchi tIrAlan&i kiMg#` bhAviMchalEdu. aMdukan&i E n&allavArU rATn&aM vaDakalEdu kUDA. aMtam&AtrAn&a m&ArTin&#` lUthar#`kiMg#` paddhati gAMdhEyapaddhati kAdan&i m&an&aM an&alEm&u.
A vidhaMgA m&AvO viShayaMlO m&an&a dESaMlO jaragalEdu. m&an&adESaMlO m&AvOn&i an&usariMchEvAru tupAkIn&E viplava sAdhan&aM an&ukuMTun&n&Aru. dAn&ivalan&a prajala pEru m&Ida tupAkI upayOgistun&n&ArE gAn&i prajalu vAriki m&ukhyulu kArEm&O an&ipistuMdi. eMdukaMTE bhAratadESapu paristhitulu, am&erikA paristhitulu vEru an&i m&ArTin&#` lUthar#`kiMg#` gurtiMchin&aTlu, bhAratadESaMlOn&i m&AvO an&ucharulu chein&A paristhitulu vEru, bhAratadESaM paristhitulu vEru an&i gurtiMchin&aTlu kan&ipiMchaDaM lEdu.
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