|
|
|
|
Articles: Arts and Culture | Culture and Civilization-13
- Mr. Vachaspati V.
| |
Evolution of Marriage:
Classical evolutionists have attempted to show the development of institution of marriage in sequences. Tylor, morgan, maine, McLennan etc have shown that the institution of marriage has passed through the stages of sexual promiscuity, group marriage, polyandrous marriage, polygenous marriage and monogamous marriage. According to Morgan, group marriage was the first stage of the institution of marriage, in which all males of a group marry all females of another group. In Indian context, group marriage as an institution is not prevalent in present time. But among the Australian aboriginals, group marriage still exists.
Polyandry is of two types:
1. Fraternal Polyandry or Adelphic polyandry
2. Non-Fraternal or non-Adelphic polyandry.
In case of former, husbands married to women are brothers. Khas, Toda, Kota are examples of Fraternal Polyandry. McLennan had observed this tradition among tribes of Tibet; therefore, he called fraternal polyandry as Tibetan polyandry.
On the other hand, in latter case husbands of a woman are not brothers. Nayars of Malabar in Kerala is the example of non-fraternal polyandry. McLennan called it as Nayar Polyandry.
The example of polyandry is found in Hindu epics, Mahabharata. Five Pandavas married to same Draupadi.
1. Levirage Marriage: this marriage is known ad Devar Vivah. In this marriage, the widow marries the younger brother of the husband after his death. The example of levirate marriage is also found in Ramayana. Vibhishan married to Ravana’s wife, Mandodari. Sugriva was married to his brother Bali’s wife, Tara. This marriage is also found among Khas and Toda tribes of India. Backward and lower caste Hindus also practices this marriage.
2. Polygyny is a kind of marriage in which one man marries more than one woman. This marriage is found among the tribes of Africa, Oceania and Melanesia. Baganda of Uganda also practices this kind of marriage. Though at present time, monogamy is a rule, Polygyny is found among all societies of India, i.e., tribal, Hindu, Muslim etc.
3. Sororate marriage is a kind of marriage, in which a man marries his wife’s younger sister either after her death or being barren. This marriage is also prevalent among many Indian societies.
4. Exogamous marriage: McLennan observed endogamy and exogamy. In tribal societies, clan is exogamous and tribe is endogamous. In Hindu society, caste is endogamous and Gotra is exogamous. Village endogamy is also prevalent in Indian culture.
5. Monogamy is present form of marriage in which one man marries one woman.
| Read 1 Comment(s) posted so far on this Article!
| |
|
|
|
 |
| Advertisements |
|
|
|
|
| Advertisements |
|
